Post by Surroundx on Jan 26, 2018 11:37:24 GMT 1
Scientific Name: Stenogyne bifida Hillebr.
Taxonomic Source(s): Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. and Lorence, D.H. 2005 onwards. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. Available at: botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm.
Assessment Information [top]
Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) C2a(i,ii); D ver 3.1
Year Published: 2015
Date Assessed: 2015-08-13
Assessor(s): Chau, M., Sporck-Koehler, M., Gon, S.M., Portner, T., Keir, M., Caraway, V.L. & Kwon, J.
Reviewer(s): Bruegmann, M.
Facilitator/Compiler(s): Schatz, G.E.
Justification:
Stenogyne bifida is assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild). The taxon is endemic to the island of Moloka'i and has an extent of occurrence of zero km2. It has experienced severe decline in habitat and numbers due to the impacts of invasive plants and animals. Its area of occupancy is zero km2. Its habitat includes extremely remote rugged terrain that makes it difficult to confirm extinction. This qualifies the taxon to a ranking of Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) under criteria C and D.
Date last seen: 2014
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description:
This species is endemic to the Hawaiian islands, historically known from around 1,200 meters elevation on the island of Moloka'i.
Countries occurrence:
Possibly extinct:
United States (Hawaiian Is.)
Additional data:
♦ Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: 0
♦ Lower elevation limit (metres): 1200
♦ Upper elevation limit (metres): 1200
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population:
The last known individual was seen in 2014, but was dead in 2015.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
♦ Number of mature individuals: 0 ♦ Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
♦ Extreme fluctuations: No ♦ Population severely fragmented: No
♦ No. of subpopulations: 0
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology:
The taxon is a short-lived, scandent, climbing, perennial herb found in Hawaiian montane wet forest dominated by ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha).
Systems: Terrestrial
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: There are no known uses for this species.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s):
The major threats to this taxon include direct competition by invasive non-native plant species, especially Melinis minutiflora, Buddleia asiatica, Rubus rosifolius, and Schinus terebinthifolia, and predation by non-native animals, particularly pigs and slugs. Feral pigs also degrade habitat. In addition, the taxon is threatened by landslides, disease (powdery mildew), and insect pests (root mealybugs). Fortini et al, (2013) characterized this taxon as moderately vulnerable to climate change (vulnerability index 0.564).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions:
The taxon is on the US Endangered Species List, and also on the State of Hawai'i Endangered Species List. Ex situ micropropagation is the only living representation remaining for this taxon. Outplantings have not yet been attempted. Further exploration of suitable habitat is needed to confirm its extinct in the wild status.
Source: www.iucnredlist.org/details/80220185/0
Taxonomic Source(s): Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. and Lorence, D.H. 2005 onwards. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. Available at: botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm.
Assessment Information [top]
Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) C2a(i,ii); D ver 3.1
Year Published: 2015
Date Assessed: 2015-08-13
Assessor(s): Chau, M., Sporck-Koehler, M., Gon, S.M., Portner, T., Keir, M., Caraway, V.L. & Kwon, J.
Reviewer(s): Bruegmann, M.
Facilitator/Compiler(s): Schatz, G.E.
Justification:
Stenogyne bifida is assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild). The taxon is endemic to the island of Moloka'i and has an extent of occurrence of zero km2. It has experienced severe decline in habitat and numbers due to the impacts of invasive plants and animals. Its area of occupancy is zero km2. Its habitat includes extremely remote rugged terrain that makes it difficult to confirm extinction. This qualifies the taxon to a ranking of Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) under criteria C and D.
Date last seen: 2014
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description:
This species is endemic to the Hawaiian islands, historically known from around 1,200 meters elevation on the island of Moloka'i.
Countries occurrence:
Possibly extinct:
United States (Hawaiian Is.)
Additional data:
♦ Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: 0
♦ Lower elevation limit (metres): 1200
♦ Upper elevation limit (metres): 1200
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population:
The last known individual was seen in 2014, but was dead in 2015.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
♦ Number of mature individuals: 0 ♦ Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
♦ Extreme fluctuations: No ♦ Population severely fragmented: No
♦ No. of subpopulations: 0
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology:
The taxon is a short-lived, scandent, climbing, perennial herb found in Hawaiian montane wet forest dominated by ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha).
Systems: Terrestrial
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: There are no known uses for this species.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s):
The major threats to this taxon include direct competition by invasive non-native plant species, especially Melinis minutiflora, Buddleia asiatica, Rubus rosifolius, and Schinus terebinthifolia, and predation by non-native animals, particularly pigs and slugs. Feral pigs also degrade habitat. In addition, the taxon is threatened by landslides, disease (powdery mildew), and insect pests (root mealybugs). Fortini et al, (2013) characterized this taxon as moderately vulnerable to climate change (vulnerability index 0.564).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions:
The taxon is on the US Endangered Species List, and also on the State of Hawai'i Endangered Species List. Ex situ micropropagation is the only living representation remaining for this taxon. Outplantings have not yet been attempted. Further exploration of suitable habitat is needed to confirm its extinct in the wild status.
Source: www.iucnredlist.org/details/80220185/0